Page 52 - 《抗日战争研究》2021第二期

The Journal of Studies of

China's Resistance War Against Japan

No. 2đ2021

The League of Nations' Attempts to Promote Reconciliation between China and Japan after the
Publication of the Lytton Report ……………………………………………… Ma Haitian̵ 4̶
After the publication of the Lytton Reportđthe League of Nationsđin accordance with Article 15đItem 3 of the
Covenant of the League of Nationsđexpected that China and Japan would reach reconciliation． The Nineteen States
Committee formulated a draft resolution stipulating that the mediation workđbased on the Lytton Reportđshould invite the
United States and the Soviet Union to set up a committee to negotiate with China and Japan． The draft clearly stated that the
puppet Manchukuo would not be recognized． China was willing to accept the draft resolutionđrequiring that settlement
negotiations not damage China's sovereignty over the Northeastđand expected the League of Nations to resolve the dispute
quickly． Japan refused to accept the draftđexcluded third countriesđespecially the United States and the Soviet Unionđ
from participating in the settlement negotiationsđand rejected the Lytton Reportđrequiring to amend the contents in the
draft that contrary to the maintenance and recognition of puppet Manchukuo． Within the League of Nationsđthe big powers
led by Britain and Franceđfrom their own interestsđattempted to appease Japan with appeasement policies and encouraged
it to accept the mediation of the League of Nations． But the small countries hoped that the League of Nations adjudicate
Japan and dispose of it as an invading country． At firstđunder the leadership of the big powersđthe League of Nations made
repeated concessions to Japan． But the Japanese government adopted“the scorched-earth diplomacy”strategy and insisted
on the League of Nations to fully adopt its amendments to the draft resolution． The League of Nations judged that Japan had
no intention of reconciliationđand its attitude turned toughđasking whether Japan would maintain puppet Manchukuo's
independence． The Japanese side made an affirmative answerđeventually causing the League of Nations to give up the
mediation work． The Sino-Japan reconciliation under the leadership of the League of Nations was a process of seeking a
compromise with Japan on the premise of maintaining its own authority to a minimum extent． Japan maintained its
established policy of invading China and destructed the fundamental principle of the collective security mechanismđleading
to the failure of the mediation work．
The Nationalist Government's Judgment of the Soviet-German War Situation in 1941—Also
Discussing Chiang Kai-shek's Strategic Insight ………………………………… Chen Mo̵ 23̶
The Sino-British Negotiations on ￡ 50 Million Loans during the Pacific War
……………………………………………………………………………………… Wang Zhao̵ 36̶
After the outbreak of the Pacific Warđin order to boost the morale of resisting against Japanese aggression and
alleviate financial difficultiesđthe Nationalist government proposed a big loan plan for the UK and the USAđof which 100
million from the UK without any guarantee conditions． In February 1942đthe British government announced that it had
agreed to loan 50 million． China asked the UK to adopt a similar regulation like the USA's 500 million loanđallowing
China to use it unconditionally． Howeverđbecause of wartime financial difficulties and post-War balance of payments
considerationsđthe UK was reluctant to give concessions to loan conditions． For the use of loans to guarantee Chinese
domestic debts and maintain the national currency ̵ Fabi̶ đChina and the UK negotiated for two yearsđleading to China's
dissatisfaction with the UK． In the Cairo Conference of the November 1943đChina and the UK negotiated loans． After the
Conferenceđthe two sides agreed on a compromise in February 1944 and signed the loan contract in May of that year． The
50 million loan negotiations reflected the wartime misunderstanding and trust lack between China and the UKđand the
actual use of the loans was also limited．

Who Paid Grain͇ The Big Grain Households in Sichuan and Shaanxi during the Total Resistance
against Japanese Aggression ………………………………………………… Zheng Kangqi̵ 53̶
After the outbreak of the Total Resistance against Japanese Aggressionđthe Nationalist government attached great
importance to grainđan important war readiness materialđpromulgated a series of laws and regulationsđand carried out
investigations into the grain storage of big grain households． These investigations were to facilitate the government's control
of social grain sources and bring big grain households into the control system of wartime society． After the establishment of
the Ministry of Grainđthe Nationalist government carried out investigations on big grain households and their grain storage
in 1942 and 1943． From the perspective of practical utilityđthe big grain households made important contributions to the
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