Page 56 - 《近代史研究》2021第一期

progress of the Chinese thought in the modern time． The Japanese army gathered a large amount of information and proposed
various reactions to the CPCđbut they were doomed to failure．

Postwar Japanese Fishing Vessels’Crossing the Chinese Border to Encroach and the Nationalist
Government’s Ｒesponses ……………………………………………………… Liu Limin̵ 55̶

ScienceđCommerce and Politics͇ The Chinese Pandas Going to the World ̵ 1869 －1948̶

…………………………………………………………………………………… Jiang Hong̵ 74̶
The rise of modern natural history changed the way how the Westerners understand the nature. The production and
circulation of knowledge about various species also triggered transnational chain effects in commerceđecologyđpoliticsđand
culture. Pandađa new species identified after the rise of the natural historyđwas gradually gaining attention from Western
countries. The demand for exposition from institutions of natural history also prompted the commercialization of pandas.
When the large-scale hunting had impact on the panda populationđthe Nationalist government shifted the focus of
administration from the control of foreigners to the protection of the speciesđso foreigners’hunting pandas in China became
outlawed. After the commercial channels to obtain pandas had been cut offđzoos in Europe and America directly requested
the Chinese government to give pandas to them as gifts. The Nationalist government also realized the special function of
pandasđand thus the“Panda Diplomacy”started afterwards. The exchange of species under control also provided favorable
condition for the protection of pandas in China. With the global prevalence of natural history knowledgeđwild animals in
China were gradually known by the worldđand became important“envoys”for the Chinese diplomacy．

The Transformation of the Funding System for the Civil Service Examination after the Abolition
of the Civil Service Examination in Late Qing …………………………… Jiang Baolin̵ 90̶
In the Qing dynastyđthe government had a funding system directly serving for the Civil Service Examination at all
levels and students at government schools. After the abolition of the Civil Service Examinationđthis funding system didn’t
end along with the Examination͈ insteadđthis funding was used in new style education. Although the function and
expenditure of the previous funding for the Civil Service Examination had been changed in the government at all levelsđthe
sources of the funding basically remained the sameđand even continued until the end of the Qing dynasty. In the process of
transformationđthe Qing courtđthe government at all levels and local gentry had numerous discussionsđconflicts and
negotiations regarding how to distribute this funding. The distribution of this funding between the Ministry of Education and
provincial government thus set up the rudimentary demarcation of educational funding between the central and provincial
̵ including subordinate prefectures and counties̶ government．

Path Dependence and the Localization of the New Ｒeligion͇ A Micro-level Study on the County-
level Daoist Cults in the Ｒepublican Period …………………………………… Liu Baoji̵ 106̶

A Discussion on Several Problems in the Ｒesearch on the Gini Coefficient in the Land Ｒight
Distribution of Modern China ………………………………………………… Hu Yingze̵ 124̶

A Study on Huang Zunxian’s Ｒiben guozhi xu ̵ Preface to the History of Japan̶
……………………………………………………………………………… Dai Dongyang̵ 145̶

English abstracts translated by Liu Wennan