Page 62 - 《近代史研究》2021第三期
P. 62
Modern Chinese History Studies
No 3, 2021
Application of Wireless Communication Technologies in the CPC⁃Led Army during China s
Resistance War Against Japan ………………………………………………… Qi Xiaolin(42)
Wireless Communication Technologies ( WCT) were instrumental for information transmission within the CPC⁃Led
Army during China s Resistance War against Japan. A wireless communication system is generally underpinned by relevant
equipment, personnel, mechanisms and structures. At the beginning of the war, the CPC purchased a large amount of
equipment, trained competent personnel and introduced mechanisms in a bid to put in place a wireless communication
system, which was under the command of the Central Military Commission, linked all the division⁃level units and largely
covered the regiment level. Notwithstanding meeting the basic demands for long⁃distance information transmission, such a
system has long been beset with problems like incompetency and indiscipline of telegraph operators and cryptographers,
slack operating rules and cumbersome organizations. Facing increasing information transmission demands and intensified
external pressure, CPC s wireless communication system was at the end of its rope both in terms of security and efficiency.
Such a situation compelled the CPC Central Committee to make some necessary changes, including reforming the
organizational structure of the wireless communication system, restricting communication demands, and improving the
competency, political loyalty and discipline of personnel. With the external pressure lessened at the late stage of the war,
the WCT in the CPC⁃Led army expanded again. This is a testament to the CPC s ability to appropriately apply the wireless
communication technologies under different political, economic and military situations.
Cultivation of “Speaking Skills”: Speech Training for the Early CPC⁃Dispatched Students in the
Soviet Russia …………………………………………………………………… Sun Huixiu(59)
Both the Chinese group in the Communist University of the Toilers of the East and Moscow Sun Yat⁃sen University
attached great importance to the speaking skills of their trainees. Both introduced speech training courses and speech
practices. The CPC, at its early days, dispatched students to the Soviet Russia to receive training, who became excellent
public speakers and mobilizers in late days. Some factors contributed to the speaking training of the Chinese students in
Soviet Russia, including the importance the Intercom attached to speech training, the influence of the Soviet Russian
political culture, and demonstration of such role⁃models like leaders of Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the school
teachers. It turned out that speech training was instrumental in improving the overall qualification of the trainees, building
coherent party organizations and creating a set of criteria for selecting cadres. Public speech skill training is generally
constrained by factors like the talent, personality and gender of the trainees. But it turned out that the training was
somewhat effective in breaking some of these constraints. The Chinese trainees later played a significant role in the CPC s
publicity work by taking advantage of their speech skills and mobilization tactics gained from the Soviet Russia, after they
returned to China.
Embracing the Chinese Culture through Compiling Bilingual Dictionaries: A Study on the Early
Missionaries to China …………………………………………………………… Yuan Qing(77)
Early missionaries came to China in the 19 th Century for the purpose of spreading the Gospel. Faced with the harsh
policy environment of the Qing Imperial Government and the difficulty in learning the Chinese, they went against all odds to
compile a large amount of English⁃Chinese dictionaries and Chinese⁃English dictionaries, a very unique social and cultural
phenomenon in the history of missionary work, publication, and intercultural exchanges in late Qing Dynasty. To compile
these dictionaries, those missionaries made arduous efforts to acquire knowledge on the Chinese language and culture by
employing Chinese teachers, practicing Chinese, involving in political and economic affairs, conducting social surveys, and
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