Page 83 - 《近代史研究》2020第五期

accepted by Chinese patients, who experienced both horror and pain in surgeries and complicated interactions with doctors
there. Western surgical medicine not only cured Chinese people's bodies, but also shaped their idea about body and
instilled a new medical ideal into them.

A Study on the Newspaper-reading Societies in Late Qing Beijing from the Perspectives of Space
and Ethnicity ............................................................................................................. Wang Hongli^A)
Newspaper boards on street, newspaper-reading societies and news-narrating societies were important components in
the enlightening movement for the middle and lower classes of late Qing Beijing. In 1905 and 1906, there was a surge of the
establishment of newspaper-reading societies, which promoted vernacular newspapers and vernacular language among

common people on street, in teahouses, temples, and people's everyday life. As new media for public culture, newspaper­
reading societies were often located in places affiliated to the existing urban system of Beijing, and thus illustrated the
unique ethnic spatial structure of Qing Beijing. Newspaper-reading societies were associations of middle and lower people of
Beijing, transcending their original social boundaries. These societies also represented their attempts to reassemble new
social forces after the traditional social fabrics were getting loose. In particular, speeches given by many who posted
newspaper and narrated news for the public showed the broad participation and intimate collaboration of the Manchus and

the Han Chinese.

The Technology of Salt Production by Solar Evaporation and Privately Made Salt in Yudai
........................................................................................................................................Jiang Hongda(81)

The Attempt and Dilemma of the Enterprise of Running Water in Suzhou (1926 -1927)
........................................................................................................................................ Chen Wenjan(98)

The Japanese Impact on the Purchase and Manufacture of Military Equipments in Zhang
Zhidong9s Tenure as Liangjiang Governor-General ............................................... Ji Chen(116)

A Study on the Sources of Ammunition of the Eighth Route Army in the War of Resistance
against the Japanese Aggression .............................................................................. Qi Xiaolin(12S)

In the War of Resistance against the Japanese Aggression, the Eighth Route Army persisted in the guerrilla warfare
behind the front line and this was crucial for them to get stable sources of ammunition. Their four major sources of
ammunition were spoils of war, manufacturing, collection and purchase from civilians, and supplies from the Nationalist
government. In different stages of the war, the contributions from the four sources also varied. In general, in the early
stage, the Eighth Route Army obtained more ammunition than they used, while in 1941 - 1942, they used more than they
obtained. After 1943, with efforts in many ways, the stocks of their ammunition increased again. The complicated sources
and endeavor of the Eighth Route Army to obtain ammunition demostrated the backdrop of the United Front in the War of
Resistance, and also showed the extremely strong ability of the Communist Party of China in social mobilization and

implementation, as well as their flexible policies and strategies.

The Summary of the Eighth Symposium of Modern Chinese History Jiang Lingnan(151)

English abstracts translated by Liu Wennan