Page 75 - 《近代史研究》2020第六期

Settlement of Shanghai launched a protest against the increase of municipal tax levied by the Municipal Council. The
Nanjing government did not respond to the protest at first and the board of the Municipal Council had an unyielding attitude,
so the Chinese associations turned to requesting more seats for Chinese members in the board of the Municipal Council as
the condition to end the protest. However, the Municipal Council refused to accept this proposal and used illegal measures
to enforce the levy of additional tax with the support of Consular Corps. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Nanjing
Government supported the Chinese to demand more political participation in the International Setdement but their
negotiation with the Municipal Council was futile. With the mediation of Yu Qiaqing, the leader of the Chinese gentry­
merchants in Shanghai and the pressure from the Foreign Office of Britain, the Municipal Council finally adjusted its
attitude and reached an agreement with Chinese rates-payers to draft a tentative measure for the Chinese participation in the
municipality. In this time period, the improving relationship between the Nanjing government and the West powers was the
major reason for the success of the negotiation between the Chinese and foreign residents in this conflict. The compromises
that both parties were willing to make also depended on the support they received from their respective governments in
diplomacy. The Chinese political participation in the municipality ushered in a new stage in the Chinese-foreign relationship
in the International Setdement of Shanghai, and also profoundly shaped the relationship between the International Setdement
and the Nanjing government.

Rebuilding the Party Army： The Educated Youth Enlistment Movement and the Youth Corps
.................................................................................................................................................Jiang 7ho(73)

The Chinese Policy to Control Geiman Missionaries and the Its Local Implementation during the
War of Resistance against the Japanese Aggression ...................................... Yang Weihua(SS)

The Takeover of the Yunnan Part of the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway and the Sino-French
Negotiation, 1940 -1946 ............................................................................................ Tan Gang (106)

The Understanding of u Addictionn and Its Transformation in the Modern Chinese Society
...........................................................................................................................................Wang Yakai(120)
In modem China, Chinese peopled understanding of addiction was directly related to the prevalence of opium smoking
and was further developed along with the deteriorating social damage caused by opium. The slangs used to describe
addiction started to enter written language in the Qianrong Reign. In the Jiaqing and Daoguang Reigns, discussions about
addiction were more and more related to the promotion of anti-opium policies, and thus the expression and substance of
addiction gradually became identical. In the late Qing and early Republican period, with the mutual influence between the
Chinese and western medical knowledge, “addiction" became a medical term and divergent from the popular expression of
“addiction” in everyday life. The understanding of “addiction” and its transformation illustrate the damage caused by the
import of opium to the modem Chinese society and its impact on the Chinese way of thinking.

The Changes of the Early Chinese Translation of “Pragmatism” ......................... Ww Siying( 132)

Chiang Kai-shek's Perception of the Pitfalls in the Conscription System and His Reaction during
the War of Resistance against the Japanese Aggression ......................... Zheng Fazhan( 142)

Conferment of Honorary Degrees in Modern Chinese Universities ......................... Wu Liguo(151)

Acknowledgement of Reviewers............................................................................................................. (157)

Contents of the Year 2020 ...................................................................................................................... (158)

English abstracts translated by Liu Wennan