Page 118 - 《近代史研究》2022第二期

Legalization of Chinese-Foreign Joint Stock in Late Qing: A Case Study on the Bank of China ,
Japan & the Straits ……………………………………………………… Xiong Changkun(76)

The Japanese Origin of "Genealogy of Law" Knowledge and Its Dissemination in China during
the Late Qing and Early Republic of China Periods ………………………… Yang Rui(92)

Incorporating Local Customs into National Laws: Inheritance and Reform of Indigenous Land
Rights Customs by Legal and Political Authorities in the Early Period of the Repbulic of
China ……………………………………………………. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Lai Junnan ( 107 )
One challenge confronted the legal and political actors in modern China was how to strike a balance between and then
reconcile indigenous land rights customs and relevant legal principles borrowed from abroad. Indigenous land rights customs
in modern China had their own merits like having sufficient market rationality , ensuring considerable economic efficiency ,
maintaining trans-regional consistency and fitting in the moral economy. Having said that , they posed challenges to the
functioning of state power. Both the political and academic environments were hostile to indigenous land rights customs in
the early days of the Repbulic of China , but the Chinese legal and political authorities at the time largely maintained a
balanced attitude towards indigenous land rights customs after trial and error. Land rights legislation in early period of the
Repbulic of China reflected the complex intertwinement of legal principles from continental Europe , indigenous customs ,
and the imminent demands of social governance and state finance. Daliyuan , serving as the Supreme Court , incorporated
indigenous land rights into national law through prejudication on the one hand and adjusted certain aspects of indigenous
land rights customs according to legal principles from continental Europe or the practical demands of administration on the
other. The Chinese legal and political authorities in the early days of the Republic of China generally showed sufficient
respect to the indigenous land right customs. Furthermore , most adjustments of the indigenous land right customs were
legitimate in modern circumstances except several radical cases
The Japanese Government's Policies on International Students from Manchukuo
. Xu Zhimin ( 124 )
At the behest of the Japanese government , Manchukuo , the puppet regime selected and sent students to Japan to
recei ve targeted training after the September 18 th Incident. These students were taught science , technologies and
humanistic knowledge through regular curricula on the one hand and were imposed with pro-Japanese sentiments on the
other. For the Japanese government , the objective of this policy was to cultivate agents for " Japanese-Manchu Integration"
and facilitate Japanese colonial rule in China's Northeast and its aggression policy in China. To prevent the Chinese students
sent by the puppet regime from being exposed to anti-Manchuguo and anti-Japanese sentiments , the Japanese government
restrained them from socializing with other Chinese students sent either by the Republican government or other Chinese
puppet regimes. Specifically , they had to be mentored by designated social organizations controlled by the Japanese
government. Chinese Student Association in Japan was just one of such social organizations that served to influence and
control the students sent by the puppet regime. This was a testament to the strategic objective of the Japanese government to
occupy Chinese Northeast through "pitting the Chinese against each other" and " divide-and-rule".
Understanding China in History: Westerners' Wrings on Chinese History in the Modern Era and
Changes of Their Approaches ………………………………………………… Cui Huajie ( 139 )
Before the outbreak of the Opium War, westerners in China studied Chinese historγ to know more about this old
country that they were eager to open to the outside world. Galvanized by the geographical expansion of colonialism ,
westerners incorporated a local perspective in their writings of Chinese history out of the conviction that history provided the
knowledge background to understand a locality. Such an approach , with its merit of examining and understanding China
from the perspective of history , helped westerners discover the implications to world history of the Chinese literature and
unveiled the logic of civilization behind the Chinese history. Westerners' wrings on Chinese history and changes of their
approaches shed important light on the formation of western perceptions on China and their changes in the course of time.

Copy to Preserve: The Collotype Pringting Techonolgy in Modern China …… Qu Yandan (1 S2)

English abstracts translated by Jia Yajuan